For example, welding leaves residual stresses in the metals welded. This type od stress remains in a solid material after the original cause of the stresses has been removed. Residual stresses are stresses caused by manufacturing processes.
The total resistance developed is equal to the external load. These counterforces tend to return the atoms to their normal positions. Stress is the internal resistance, or counterfource, of a material to the distorting effects of an external force or load. This inelastic behavior is called plastic deformation. Beyond the linear region, stress and strain show nonlinear behavior. In other words, stress and strain follows Hooke’s law. A deformation is called elastic deformation, if the stress is a linear function of strain. The intensity, or degree, of distortion is known as strain. If the load is small, the distortion will probably disappear when the load is removed.
When a metal is subjected to a load (force), it is distorted or deformed, no matter how strong the metal or light the load. Stress (σ) can be equated to the load per unit area or the force (F) applied per cross-sectional area (A) perpendicular to the force as: In mechanics and materials science, stress (represented by a lowercase Greek letter sigma – σ) is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighbouring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material which is not a physical quantity.Īlthough it is impossible to measure the intensity of this stress, the external load and the area to which it is applied can be measured.
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